Structure

 We use the Past Simple Tense:

 The past simple tense of the most english verbs (regular verbs) is formed by adding
"-ed"/"-d" to their base form. (If the verb ends in "-e" , we add "-d" to form the past simple.)

 There are also some verbs called irregular verbs that have special past tense forms.

  Affirmative form

  Regular verbs:
base form + "-ed" or "-d" :
work + "-ed" = work ed
live + "-d" = live d

I/you/he/she/it/we/they work ed
I/you/he/she/it/we/they live d

  Irregular verbs: past form only
I/you/he/she/it/we/they saw

 To form the negative and interrogative sentences we use the past form of auxiliary verb do --> did :

  Negative form

I
you                    DID + NOT
he/she/it               /DIDN'T/
we                    + WORK
they

He didn't work yesterday.
She didn't see him last night.

  Interrogative form

                 I
               you
DID       he/she/it        WORK?
                we
               they

Did he work yesterday?
Did she see him last night?

 If it is the verb "to be" we use was/were before the subject:
Was he at the office the other day?

  Questions and short answers:

Did you go to the cinema last night?
Yes, I did .
No, I didn't.

Did he speak with Kate yesterday?
Yes, he did .
No, he didn't .

  Pronunciation of final "-ed" (regular verbs):

  after an unvoiced consonant sound (sh/ s / ch / p / k / f ) we pronounce /t/ : wash (/sh/) - washed (/t/); kiss (/s/) - kissed (/t/); work (/k/) - worked (/t/); hope (/p/) - hoped (/t/); laugh (/f/) - laughed (/t/)
  after a vowel and voiced consonant sounds we pronounce /d/ : phone (/n/) - phoned (/d/); judge (/dg/) - judged (/d/); turn (/n/) - turned (/d/); play (/ei/) - played (/d/); follow (/ou/) - followed (/d/)
  after /t/ and /d/ sounds we pronounce /-id/ : visite (/t/) - visited (/id/); start (/t/) - started (/id/); need (/d/) - needed (/id/)

 Examples

1. We arrived at 9:00 o'clock.
2. This morning I went to the supermarket.
3. The teacher went to the desk.
4. He didn't hear the telephone.
5. Susan bought her little sister a doll.
6. We came here in 1980.
7. I worked at Johnson & Co. from 1990 to 1995.
8. My brother lived in London for six years. (he doesn't live there anymore)

1. When she was young, she danced beautifully.
2. He played the violin when he was a child.
3. We often went there.
4. I saw her every day.

1. It happened one night in the winter.
2. She opened her bag, took out the key and unlocked the door.

1. World War II ended in 1945.
2. Romans built strong bridges.

1. David said that he was tired.
2. The doctor told me that I would have to stay in the hospital for a week.

1. When Peter arrived , I was reading a book.
2. I was having a bath when the phone rang .

1. If I won the lottery, I would travel the world.
2. If I were you, I wouldn't marry him.

  Spelling rules for the past simple of regular verbs:

 if a regular verb ends in consonant + y change y to i and add -ed :
  carr y - carr ied ,    stud y - stud ied ,    fr y - fr ied ,    tr y - tr ied
 if a one syllable regular verb ends in consonant + vowel + consonant double the final consonant and add -ed -- > sto p - sto pp ed,  pla n - pla nn ed,   ro b - ro bb ed,   be g - be gg ed
 if a regular verb has more than one syllable and ends in consonant + vowel + consonant , we double the final consonant only if the final syllable is stressed -- >  preFE R - prefe rr ed,    regRE T - regre tt ed

Exception: In British English verbs ending in -l have -ll before -ed whether the final syllable is stressed or not -- > trave l - trave ll ed

  Pronunciation of final "-ed" (regular verbs):

  after an unvoiced consonant sound (sh/ s / ch / p / k / f ) we pronounce /t/ : wash (/sh/) - washed (/t/); kiss (/s/) - kissed (/t/); work (/k/) - worked (/t/); hope (/p/) - hoped (/t/); laugh (/f/) - laughed (/t/)
  after a vowel and voiced consonant sounds we pronounce /d/ : phone (/n/) - phoned (/d/); judge (/dg/) - judged (/d/); turn (/n/) - turned (/d/); play (/ei/) - played (/d/); follow (/ou/) - followed (/d/)
  after /t/ and /d/ sounds we pronounce /-id/ : visite (/t/) - visited (/id/); start (/t/) - started (/id/); need (/d/) - needed (/id/)